Государственная комиссия по электрификации России как первый опыт стратегического планирования экономики

Abstract

This paper examines the conditions for the GOELRO plan appearance, the idea of which was born in tsarist Russia and which the Bolsheviks later adopted, as well as the stages of its development and the impact on the formation of the methodology for drawing up a national economic plan by the method of successive approximations. The role of the practical implementation of GOELRO in the transition to NEP is investigated. It is shown how during the NEP period, the State Planning Committee, headed by G.M. Krzhizhanovsky, gained practical experience in planning. Thanks to this experience, the country, faced with the crisis of 1927, was able to switch to the course of industrialization, the core of which was a long-term plan for the development of the economy, based on the method of successive approximations. Thanks to such planning of the national economy with clear feedback from all producers, the country was able to solve its strategic objectives, which were set by the course of industrialization, and become a country that determines the development of the bipolar world. The article analyses the GOELRO plan as the first large-scale strategic plan of economic development, which significantly raised the economy of the USSR after a series of military conflicts destructive for the national economy. The article examines the prerequisites for the formation of an economic planning system based on the electrification of the country. The thesis of electrification as a key stage of the state’s economic development, actively promoted and supported by G.M. Krzhizhanovsky, is confirmed. The article analyzes the organization of the national economy planning process based on this model, its essence, as well as the scientific significance of economic planning for the national economic complex of the state. The stages of implementation of the GOELRO plan, its characteristic features, as well as its subsequent development and overall results are considered. The author substantiates the role of planning as the most effective tool for implementing economic transformations both during the implementation of the GOELRO plan and in the current conditions of ongoing crisis situations.