The Obesity Epidemic in Russia and the World: An Overview of Current Situation and Prospects for Regulation
Keywords:
Obesity, environmental factors, obesity prevention, public health, integrated approach, public policy, development strategies in healthcare.Abstract
The obesity epidemic is a serious public health problem. Over the past 40 years, there has been a significant increase in obesity cases worldwide due to various factors, the main of which are urbanization, sedentary lifestyle and excessive consumption of high-calorie foods. A particularly alarming fact is the progressive increase in childhood obesity, which portends a huge burden of chronic diseases in the future. Obesity is a risk factor for the development of cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes mellitus, certain forms of cancer, diseases of the musculoskeletal system, gastrointestinal tract, severe infectious diseases, significantly reduces life span and quality of life, has a negative impact on the economy, increasing health care costs and reducing the productivity of obese people. Traditional methods of combating obesity have proved ineffective, which underscores the need for a change in strategy. Instead of relying solely on individual impact measures, it is necessary to focus on large-scale policy actions aimed at changing the environment that contributes to obesity. Measures aimed at the entire population, such as food labeling, taxes on products with high sugar content, restrictions on the marketing of unhealthy foods, and campaigns to promote a healthy lifestyle seem to be the most effective. A targeted approach is also needed, taking into account the characteristics of different population groups. Investing in prevention can help increase the life span of the population, reduce health care costs, increase human resources and strengthen the country’s economy. The review analyzes the socio-economic factors and consequences of obesity, assesses the possibilities of public policy in combating this epidemic and examines the best global practice.
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