Трагедия вайнахских народов 1944 года и административно-территориальные последствия их депортации

Abstract

The article describes the reasons for the Vainakhs deportation on February 23, 1944, the Chechens and Ingush policy of the Soviet governance while living outside their homeland and analyses the administrative and territorial consequences of the deportation. 1944–1957 is a period of great importance for forming the Vainakh ethnic groups historical memory. In 2004 after 60 years of the beginning of the deportation, the European Parliament resolution was adopted, and paragraph 15 recognized the Vainakhs deportation as an act of genocide. The research relies on a wide range of sources analyzing the course of the Chechens and Ingush eviction, their conditions while living in the Kazakh and Kirghiz SSR, and the consequences of the deportation (official reports, letters, regulatory legal acts, etc.). As a result, it may be concluded that the application of collective responsibility principle to the Vainakhs was unreasonable, the methods used in organizing the eviction and the conditions in which the deportees were located can be considered as a crime against humanity. The article reveals the detailed factors which determined the Soviet leadership decision. In addition, it describes the administrative and territorial changes that occurred in 1944–1957 and their consequences, expressed in the creation of serious interethnic contradictions, and the armed clash as a result. As an example the Ossetian-Ingush conflict is described, which has not been resolved yet.